The chemical composition is set by manufacturing processes to satisfy a range of performance, physical and toxicological properties obtained from crude oil complex substances of hydrocarbon components. The properties of mixtures of the oils also are considered, especially mixtures of palm and palm kernel oils in which a eutectic interaction occurs. The best physical property is one that will give a unique result for a mineral and will always give the same result, again and again, for any and every specimen of that mineral. Mineral identification if the physical properties can be determined, the mineral can be identified.
Therefore, a good understanding of the thermo physical properties of oil samples will help dispel the challenge. Physical properties of oil viscosity the viscosity of an oil is a measure of the oil s resistance to shear. The calculation of reserves in an oil reservoir or the determination of its performance requires knowledge of the fluids physical properties at elevated pressure and temperature. In chapter three and four, an extended discussion on the transformer oil properties is made, taking into consideration the eleven most important ones. Some multigrades engine oil suffer severe viscosity breakdown leading to premature engine failures. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. Physical properties of lubricants valvolinecummins. Mineral gallery the physical properties of minerals.
It is measured at specific temperature by hydrometer or automatic density meter. Density given that the density of fresh water is 1. Mineral oils, greases, triglycerides and body oils are examples of hydrophobic soils, present as dispersed soil or in the form of stains. Density density is fundamental physical property of oil. With their unique physical properties, dowtherm heat transfer fluids can improve heat transfer system operations. Sericite is commonly used in the cosmetics industry to produce makeup and other cosmetic products. The soil physical properties such as texture, structure, porosity, bulk density and moisture content largely control the composition of soil air. The greasyoily stains often contain strongly coloured contaminants soot and metal oxides in mineral oil, dyes or pigments in food and cosmetics which make them very noticeable. Physical properties of oils and mixtures of oils springerlink. Mineral oil definition no clear definition petroleum industry. Around 1900, industrialscale coal mining began in svalbard hisdal, 1998. Analyze the contents of a quart of motor oil and you will discover that approximately 75%85% of its volume consists of base oil. Mineral properties revised on 8272012 page 2 of the precise chemical composition and internal atomic that defines estructure ach mineral also directly determines its outward appearance and physical properties. Mineral properties the mineral and gemstone kingdom.
Mineral oils are also used as an ingredient in baby care products such as petroleum jelly. High viscosity implies a high resistance to flow while a low viscosity indicates a low resistance to flow. Unesco eolss sample chapters coal, oil shale, natural bitumen, heavy oil and peat vol. Hardness is a minerals resistance to scratching, and shows the strength of a minerals atomic bonds. For your information, physical properties of a mineral may be of great technological significance because a mineral may have important industrial uses that depend on its physical properties. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Characterization of the performance of mineral oil based. Because a minerals internal structure and chemical composition are difficult to determine without the aid of sophisticated tests and equipment, the more easily recognized physical properties are frequently used in identification. Used mineralbased crankcase oil is a complex mixture of low and high c. Physical and chemical characteristics of oils, fats, and waxes, champaign, illinois, aocs press, 2006 red manuel des corps gras, afceg, paris 1992. Different mineral oils are used by different laboratories for different analyses, based on closest available supplier and upon the properties of the oil. Pdf physical properties of rocks handbook of petroleum. Physical properties of minerals linkedin slideshare.
It is through the proper use of these properties that minerals can reliably be identified. Although generally considered safe, as noted above, there is a concern of mist inhalation leading to serious health conditions such as pneumonia. The properties vary only within the limits that the structure and chemistry of that mineral vary. Physical and chemical properties physical state and appearance. Practical handbook of physical properties of rocks and. Physical properties of minerals flashcards quizlet.
This paper presents the results of investigations into the physical properties, in terms of volatility, pour point and viscosity, of a composition base oil, whose components included mineral. Physical properties of minerals slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Also, it is sometimes used as a lubricant in enema preparations, because most. Physical properties of oil viscosity the viscosity of an oil is a measure of the oils resistance to shear.
Main chemical and physical properties of vegetable oil as fuel the chemical and physical properties of a vegetable oil as fuel are numerous and are mentioned in technical regulations and suggestions 17, 19. For this purpose, table 1 reports the principal parameters of oleaginous biofuels set down in technical. Soils and soil physical properties introduction 5 lecture 1. These properties can result in reduced fluid film temperatures in the heater, low film boundary layers and reduced system heatup times. The performance of a series of mineral oil based quenchants has been investigated using the chte quench probe system and probe tips of 4140 steel to determine the cooling rate, heat transfer coefficient, hardening power hp and tamuras v indices in terms of the. Physical properties of lubricants valvoline technical services page 1 following are the important properties of a lubricant. Fortunately, both structure and composition affect certain physical properties. Therefore, a good understanding of the thermophysical properties of oil samples will help dispel the challenge.
Specific surface area of soil particles effective area specific surface area particle diameter cm mass g cm2 cm2 g1 gravel 2 x 101 1. Mining first began in greenland in 1854 with smallscale operations targeting minerals such as cryolite, lead, and zinc thomas et al. Viscosity is more commonly known as resistance to flow. Ii physical and chemical properties of peat hu jinming and ma xuehui encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. A lubricant is a substance, usually organic, introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. Minerals embody numerous physical properties, which make them much more interesting and complex than commonly perceived.
Of primary importance are bubblepoint pressure, solution gasoil ratio gor, and formation volume factor fvf. Drugs for internal use containing mineral oil must have a warning label. Changes with temperature, decreasing temperature increases viscosity. Mineral oil tends to be easier to work with in the lab, since there are lower hse risks, elevated temperature is not. Transformer oil is a required addition to electrical transformers. Because a mineral s internal structure and chemical composition are difficult to determine without the aid of sophisticated tests and equipment, the more easily recognized physical properties are frequently used in identification. When used as a lubricant with incidental food contact, mineral oil levels shall not exceed 10 ppm. More information is available for palm oil than for the other two.
Mineral oil is used as a laxative to alleviate constipation by retaining water in stool and the intestines. Physical properties quartz crystal shape hexagonal luster nonmetallic vitreous color clear to milky streak no streak hardness h 7 cleavage no. Used mineral based crankcase oil is a complex mixture of low and high c. Decomposition degree of peat the decomposition degree of peat is the proportion of the matter which has lost its cellular structure due to the decomposition of plant residues. Introduction research on the physical properties of peat lags behind the literature on utilization of. Physical properties of peat physical properties of peat mainly include decomposition degree, water retention properties, specific gravity and bulk density. Nov 10, 2019 hardness is a minerals resistance to scratching, and shows the strength of a minerals atomic bonds. Practical handbook of physical properties of rocks and minerals.
The use of physical properties to identify minerals will be necessary for the second lab exam, so you should become very familiar with using physical properties and the mineral identification charts to identify hand specimens of minerals. Carmichael head, geophysics program department of geology university of iowa iowa city, iowa crc press boca raton ann arbor bost 11111111111111111 1111111111111 7178. The arctic has a long history of mineral, oil, and gas extraction activities. Sericite is a special mineral with chemistry and properties between talc and mica. The presence of the ester had limited effect, and this was improved by addition of the thickener. Material safety data sheet mineral oil msds section 1. The study of physical properties of minerals will enable you to make intelligent deductions about its crystal structure and chemical composition. Mineral oil can be administered either orally or as an enema. A mixture of mineral and organic material that is capable of supporting plant life. Surface area of soil affects its physical and chemical properties and is largely determined by amount of clay present in soil. These include the chemical and causes of the specific physical properties of the test oils.
Mineral oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons derived from crude oil. Importantly, properties of the residual oil change as the light components of the oil are removed. Consists of alkanes isoparaffincs, saturated cyclic alkanes. These particles are distinguished by size, and make up the.
Thermophysical properties of selected oil samples as. Physical and chemical properties article pdf available in journal of the american oil chemists society 835. Because these generate a lot of heat that must be removed, they need to be insulated and they have to resist sparking, the physical and chemical properties of certain oils make them ideal for use in transformers and capacitors. The physical property fields include properties such as vapor pressure and boiling point, as well as explosive limits and toxic exposure thresholds the information in cameo chemicals comes from a variety of data sources.
The various physical properties of mineral oils allow them to work well in these disparate applications. Other example questions that could appear on the lecture midterm are as follows. Viscosity properties of base lubricating oils containing. Physical properties of canola oil parameter value relative density gcm3. Physical properties selected physical properties for canola oil are shown in table 1. Restrictions on the use of mineral oil in food preparation and in packaging materials are prescribed in 21 cfr 172, 173, and 175179. Practical handbook of physical properties of rocks and minerals edited by robert s.
Several of these properties are essential in mineral identification. Texture is the proportion of three mineral particles, sand, silt and clay, in a soil. Two of the important thermo physical properties are viscosity and specific heat capacity 1. This table contains information representative of three types of hydraulic fluids. Two of the important thermophysical properties are viscosity and specific heat capacity 1. Sep 26, 2011 physical properties of minerals slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.